IVF – In Vitro Fertilization Step by Step

IN VITRO FERTILISATION IS A MAJOR METHOD OF ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY IN WHICH EGGS CELLS ARE FERTILISED BY SPERM OUTSIDE THE BODY.

IVF, or in vitro fertilization, is the most well-known and widely used method of assisted reproduction.
It helps couples who have difficulty conceiving naturally — whether due to problems with ovulation, sperm quality, fallopian tubes, or unexplained infertility.

During IVF, a woman’s eggs are fertilized outside the body in a specialized laboratory environment. The resulting embryo is then transferred back into the uterus, where it can continue to develop naturally.

How does IVF work?

1. Ovarian stimulation

To retrieve multiple eggs at once, the woman undergoes a short course of hormonal stimulation.
The goal is to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple follicles — each of which may contain a mature egg.

2. Egg retrieval (OPU)

Once the follicles are mature, the eggs are gently collected in a short, outpatient procedure under light anesthesia.
The retrieved eggs are immediately sent to the embryology lab.

3. Fertilization via ICSI

We use the ICSI method (intracytoplasmic sperm injection) to fertilize the eggs.
This involves selecting a single healthy sperm and injecting it directly into the egg under a microscope.

4. Embryo culture

The resulting embryos are cultured in the lab for up to five days.
This allows us to monitor their development and select those with the highest potential for success.

To support implantation, we recommend a method called assisted hatching (AH).
It helps the embryo “hatch” from its protective shell, improving implantation rates.
It also enhances survival during freezing and may increase success after thawing in a subsequent frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycle.

5. Embryo transfer

The selected embryo is gently transferred into the uterus — a procedure known as embryo transfer.

Who is IVF suitable for?

Couples with ovulation disorders or blocked fallopian tubes

Men with reduced sperm quality

Repeated unsuccessful attempts to conceive

Unexplained infertility

When other methods (such as IUI) have failed

Benefits of IVF

High chance of pregnancy

Ability to select the best-quality embryos

Combination with advanced methods (MSS chips, ICSI, AH, PGT-A)

Option to use donor sperm or eggs

Possibility of embryo freezing for future cycles

What are the chances of success with IVF?

What are the chances of success with IVF?

At our clinic, the success rate of IVF with own eggs and sperm reaches up to 58% for women under 37.
The outcome depends primarily on the woman’s age and the quality of the eggs, sperm, and resulting embryos.
Naturally, success rates decline gradually with age.

Frequently Asked Questions

The egg retrieval procedure is performed under short general anesthesia and is painless.
The rest of the process is outpatient and generally involves minimal physical discomfort.

The goal of stimulation is to obtain approximately 8 to 15 mature eggs, but the number can vary depending on individual response.

A standard IVF cycle takes approximately three weeks from the start of stimulation to embryo transfer.

In most cases, only one embryo is transferred.
This approach — known as single embryo transfer (SET) — is recommended to minimize the risks associated with multiple pregnancies, which may endanger the health of both the mother and the baby.

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Dear patients,
due to the public holiday in the Czech Republic, our clinic will be closed on 28/10/25.

We look forward to seeing you again on Wednesday 29/10/25.